In class Outline

I. Gettysburg Address vs. Pericles
A. Gettysburg Address
1. This speech happens during the American Civil War, which was a right between the Union and the Confederacy. He gives the speech about two thirds way through the war.
2. Now Lincoln is saying, more like asking if the nation will survive through the war. ”Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure.” (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/speeches/gettys.htm)
B. Pericles
1. He gave this speech during the Athens and Sparta war. He gave this speech during the beginning of the war.
2. He says that they have done everything they could do for the war. “We have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us.” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.html)
C. Thesis
1. The Gettysburg address was a more appealing speech to the people and families who have lost someone in their family in the war because, not only is his speech shorter, which would keep people interested, he is clearer and says more about honoring the dead and what they did for the nation, unlike Pericles’ speech witch talks more about Athens and the country then he talks about individual people.
II. Appeals more to the families
A. Gettysburg Address
1. In his speech he says that they need to horror the people who died, and that they will never be forgotten for what they did. “We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.” (http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/P/al16/speeches/gettys.htm)
B. Pericles
1. He only touches upon the topic of horning the dead. “Such is the Athens for which these men, in the assertion of their resolve not to lose her, nobly fought and died; and well may every one of their survivors be ready to suffer in her cause.” (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/pericles-funeralspeech.html) This quote is the very last sentence of the speech.

Who is a Good Guy? A Bad Guy?

As you look through history, you see everywhere that there are good guys and bad guys, heroes, and villains. But what really is considered a good guy, and who are some famous good guys in history. And what about those all famous bad guys, why are they considered so bad?
A good guy is defined as: any person who is on your side, a hero; an all-around pleasant person; usually used in reference to a male. (http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&defl=en&q=define:good+guy&ei=emamS5SRDYKglAe-xLmOAQ&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title&ved=0CAkQkAE)

This means that they are on the side of good and justice working to make the world a better place, or they are not causing harm to anyone. A bad guy is defined as: any person who is not on your side, a villain. (http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aen-us%3AIE-SearchBox&q=define%3Abad+guy) This means that they are against the side of justice and are working for the evil side. Usually they do not follow the rules or law of a state or country. Also bad guys usually end up hurting someone at sometime in their life.
When we look very far back into history we see on very famous example of a bad guy: and they are the Vikings. When people first think of Vikings they think of large scary men, wearing helmets with horns attached, first, this is not true, the helmet part at least. The Vikings usually wore leather helmets, the horned helmets were for ceremonial purposes, and most likely the horned helmets died out before the Vikings became such a feared name. Even though the history of the Viking’s helmets may not be true, the fear they installed into people was very much true. ("Viking Helmets - Did Viking Helmets Have Horns." European History The History of Europe. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. .)
The Vikings were commonly referred to as the ship-born warriors, and the traders of Norsemen, which literally mean the men from the North. They were originated from Scandinavia and they raided many coasts from Britain, to Ireland, to the mainland of Europe. They even went as far east as the Volga River in Russia, somewhere between the 8th and the 11th century. This is the period in history that is very commonly referred to as the Viking age. Vikings are famous also for their long ships, which were very long and very advanced in technology for their time period.
The Vikings founded settlements for about three century’s along the coats and rivers of mainland Europe, Ireland, Normandy, Great Britain, the Shetland, Faroe Islands, Orkney, Iceland, Greenland, and Newfoundland circa. They even reached south to North Africa, and east to Russian and Constantinople. Where ever they went as looters, traders, or mercenaries. Later, under the rule of Leif Ericson, who’s heir was Erik the Red, reached North America, and they had many expeditions to what is today Canada, Maine, and southern Massachusetts, which includes Cape Cod during the 10th and 11th century.
The Vikings once created two different types of Viking ships: the Longship and the Knarr. The Longship was created for warfare and exploration, was designed for its speed and agility, and it had oars and sails to make it easy to navigate with, wither there was wind or not. The Knarr was a slower merchant ship that had a larger capacity then the Longship, and it did not have the oars the Longship had. (http://www.themiddleages.net/people/vikings.html)
Though the Vikings seemed to have done so much for the history of the world, they are still considered bad guys because of their raids that caused so many people to end up dying, and they injured many more, trying to get items that were not important and they would not take these item in to the afterlife with them, where I am sure that their many murdered did go with them.


"Viking Helmets - Did Viking Helmets Have Horns." European History The History of Europe. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://europeanhistory.about.com/od/thevikings/a/histmyths6.html.
Vikings." Middle Ages - Medieval Resources. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. http://www.themiddleages.net/people/vikings.html.
"Define:bad Guy - Search." Google. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft%3Aen-us%3AIE-SearchBox&q=define%3Abad+guy.
"Define:good Guy - Search." Google. Web. 21 Mar. 2010. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&defl=en&q=define:good+guy&ei=emamS5SRDYKglAe-xLmOAQ&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title&ved=0CAkQkAE.

Edward Gibbon and Arnold Toynbee

Edward Gibbon and Arnold Toynbee were both members of Parliament. While Gibbon was a English historian, Toynbee was a British historian. Gibbon was known for his irony in prose, and he looked upon Rome with the greatest respect. He also viewed the fall of Rome as a unavoidable disaster that was due to its great amount of power, and he was very surprised on how long Rome eventually did last. Arnold Toynbee did not like the idea of Christianity and believed that it was a major problem. He believed that the growth and popularity of Christianity caused Rome to eventually fall, and he believed that Rome destroyed itself.

"Arnold Toynbee - Christianity and Civilization." Welcome to MYRIOBIBLOS - The Etext Library of the Church of Greece. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.myriobiblos.gr/texts/english/toynbee.html

"Medieval Sourcebook: Gibbon: The Fall of the Roman Empire." FORDHAM.EDU. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source

Why are Viking always depicted as wearing those hats with big horns on them?

There is actually no evidence of the Vikings ever wearing such helmets with wings and/or horns on there. Looking back in history we see evidence that their helmets where made of leather. The idea that the Vikings wore helmets came from the Romans and the Greeks calling the Vikings the northerners who wore horns wings and antlers. There is evidence that the there are helmets with horns used as ceremonial purposes, but the idea faded by the time the Vikings came into power.


"Viking Helmets - Did Viking Helmets Have Horns." European History The History of Europe. Web. 19 Mar. 2010. .

What are the Liberal Arts?

Liberal Arts are humanistic discipline: studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills, Liberal arts are the skills derived from the Classical education curriculum. In other words, Liberal Arts are every subject that does not include Scince, such as math, english, the arts, social studies, ect.

http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&defl=en&q=define:liberal+arts&ei=qcmiS_LqMcP_lgeq6OHbCA&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title&ved=0CAYQkAE

Icelandic is the language of the Vikings. We will see them attacking Ireland, and a lot of places will become Christianized. The Viking raids happen between the 8th and 11th centers. The Vikings come down the coast, and they never sail out of sight of land because they thought the world was flat. If they died in battle they would meet this one God. Norse men are known as the people from Norway and Sweden. The Edda. The old we poetry, the younger one id known as prose, these were stories.. Made in the 13th century. Eventually the Vikings were also Christianized. Heimskringla is the book of sagas about the kings, written by Snorri Sturluson. Primary Source- the books are not written until the Vikings are Christianized.We are Midgard, to the north is Alfheimr, land of the elves. To the south is Svartafaheim, the land of the black elves. To the East, Jotinheimer, the giants and fire, To the west is Niflheim, land of the ice. Up is Asgard- god's wold, and down is Hel. Like Nioavellir. Across os Ginnungagap- which is a place where no one lives. The runes where the things that they used to tell the future, they used them to consult then they decided what to do, they came from the Yggdrasil is an very important tree.

They came from Scandinavia. They buried people in ships with the goods they would need for the after life. The Viking life was one of survival, it was very cold and difficult to stay alive. Usually the Vikings ran in a town, got something they wanted, and left. But later they started to build a important sjip, the long ship. No one is the king of them.

Edda and Heimskringla

http://www.cybersamurai.net/Mythology/nordic_gods/LegendsSagas/Edda/PoeticEdda/Index.htm#ice
http://omacl.org/Heimskringla/